Improvement in printing-telegraph instruments



2 SheetsSheet' 1.

F. L. POPE-8T1. A. EDISON. PRINTING TELEGRAPH INSTRUMENT.

No 103,924. Patented June 7, 1873.

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P. L. POPE & T. A. EDISON. PRINTING TELEGRAPH INSTRUMENT.

Patented June 7, 1873;

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK L. POPE, or ELIZABETH, nEw JERSEY, AND THOMAS A. EDISON, on NEW YORK, n. Y.

IMPROVEMENT m PRINTING-TELEGRAPH INSTRUMENTS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 103,924, dated June 7, *1870.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, FRANK L. POPE, of Elizabeth, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey, and THOMAS A. EDISON, of

the city, county, and State of New York, havetransmitting operator, but by which this result' may be accomplished with greater certainty, and in a much more simple manner, than by the apparatus hitherto used for this purpose.

The principal features of this improvement relate, first, to the placing of the electromagnet which rotates the type-wheel, in the same electrical circuit with a second electromagnet which operates the printing mechanism, and so arranging them, in connection with an electrical cut-off of a novel construc tion, that the printing mechanism can only act after the type-wheel has been brought to its desired position; second, to the use of an electrical cut-off, whiclrwe term the unison cnt-ofl, and by means of which any number of printing-telegraph instruments may be brought into correspondence with the transmitting-instrument at the pleasure of the transmitting operator; third, to the use of an electromagnetic switch of peculiar construction, which is employed for the purpose of placing the'unison cut-ofi' in circuit, and which may also be made useful for other purposes in connection with printing-telegraph instruments; fourth, to an improved paper-feeding mechanism for printing-telegraph instruments; fifth, to the placing of certain duplicate figures or characters i in a peculiar position upon the type-wheel, for

purposes hereinafter specified.

The arrangement of the various parts of this invention will be more fully understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents a plan view of the receiving and recording apparatus. Fig. 2'is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a sectional front view of a portion of. the apparatus taken through the line or 00, Fig; 2. Fig. 4 is a detached front View, showing the device for moving the paper forward beneath the type wheel. Fig. 5 is a sectional view, showing the details of the unison cut-off. Fig. 6 illustrates the manner in which numbers and fractions are printed by the apparatus. Fig. 7 is atheoretical diagram, designed to ,show the electrical connections of the various parts of the apparatus, and their relations to each other, whereby the desired results are obtained.

Similar letters and marks of reference indicate like parts in the difierent figures.

A (see Figs. 1 and 2) designates a metallic frame or Standard, which is firmly secured to the pedestal or base B, and which serves asa support to the different portions of the receiving-instrument. -An electro-magnet, O,'is Se-- cured, preferably, in an upright position upon the lower portion of the frame A, and a sec ond similar electro-magnet, D', is placed in a preferably inverted position upon the upper portion of the said frame. The armature c of the electro-magnet G is attached to a lever E, which moves upon pivots e e fixed in the upper extremity of the frame A. A pawl, F, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, is pivoted at ato the crosshead E, at or near the end of the lever E. This pawl engages with the teeth of a ratchetwheel, G, as shown in Fig. 3. The ratchet-wheel G, and also the type-wheel H, are mounted upon a sleeve, f, which revolves upon a stationary spindle, g, projecting from the standard I, which latter is supported by theirame -A-. This arrangement will be clearly understood by reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The crosshead E,'Fig. 3, is also provided with a second pawl, F, which is. pivoted at a, and is provided at one end with a hook which acts upon the opposite side of the wheel G. A stop,

8, is permanently secured to the cross-head E midway between the pawls F and F. The

pawls F and F are kept in contact with the face of the wheel G by means of a spiral spring, K, or in any other suitable manner.

By reference toFig. 3 it will readily be understood that a downward movement of the lever E and the cross-head E, caused by the attraction of the emetic-magnet U, will cause the pawl F to engage with a tooth of the ratchet-wheel G, and cause the latter to rotate the distance of half the depth of a tooth in the direction of the black arrow, when its movement is arrested by the stop S coming between the teeth of the wheel G. The pawl F has, meantime, passed one tooth of the wheel G, and when the lever E returns to its former position it engages with the said tooth, and rotates the wheel the distance of half the depth of a tooth farther, when its motion is arrested by the stop J Thus each movement of the lever E in both directions advances the wheel G one tooth in the direction of the black arrow, and an intermittent. rotary motion is imparted to said wheel G by the vibrations of the lever E under the influence'of the electromagnet C. This intermittent rotary motion is imparted to the sleeve f and the type [wheel H.

The ratchet-wheel is provided with a number of teeth corresponding to the number of letters, figures, or characters upon the circumference of the type-wheel G, so that the latter may be brought to any desired position by transmitting the appropriate .number of clectrical pulsations through the electro-magnet 0, each pulsation advancing the wheel G one tooth, and the type-wheel H one character, through the medium of the armature 0, lever E, and pawl F, as hereinbefore explained,

The electrical connections between the different portions of the apparatus are only partially seen in Figs. 1 and 2, but are fully shown in Fig. 7, which will be hereinafter explained.

The apparatus for taking the impression of any desired letter, when the type-wheel has been brought to the proper position, is constructed and operates as follows:

Underneath the electro-magnet D, Fig. 2, is a horizontal lever, L, to which its armature d is attached. This lever is capable of a slight vertical motion upon the pivots l l. The lever L passes between the helices of the electromagnet G, and through anaperturc in the standard I. The strip of paper j j, Fig. 4, passes over the extremity of the lever L and underneath the type-wheel H. When the electro-magnet D becomes suiiieientlyexcited by the passage of the electrical current, its attraction will be exerted upon the armature d, thereby raising the lever L and bringing the strip of paper j j forcibly in contact with the character upon the type-wheel H, which is over it at'the time. The characters upon the typewheel having been previously inked by means of an ink-roller, or other suitable device, an impression of the said character is made upon the paper. Upon the cessation of the electric current in the coils of the electro nagnet D, thclever L is drawn back to its original positionby means of the spring Z.

The device for moving the paper forward, after each impression has been made, is constructed and operatesas follows:

Upon the end of the lever L there is secured a slotted bar, M, Figs. 1, 2, and 4, which moves which allow of its being secured at any desired point upon the bar M. The feeder N is placed in an inclined position, as shown in Fig. 4, its lower extremity being serrated, or provided with-spurs q, and resting upon the strip of paper which, at that point, is supported by the bed-plate O. The. feeder N; is kept in contact with the paper by means of-a spiral spring, q. A second feeder, N, is attached in the same manner to the lower part of the bar M, so as to rest against the under side of the strip of paper at q, which paper passes underneath the plate 0, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 4.

By an inspection of Fig. 4 it will be understood that, when thelever L and its bar M descends after an impression has been made, the lower end of the feeder N is thrust to the left, and the paper is pushed forward by its spurs q. When the lever L is again moved upward the feeder N in the same manner advances the paper still farther to the left. By this arrangement the feeders N and N may he so adjusted,

that a comparatively slight vertical movement of the lever L will cause a considerable horizontal movement of the strip of paper j j, and the amount of this movement may be regulated at pleasure by altering the position of the set-screws 0 and 0" upon the bar MI The manner in which the several parts of the apparatus are electrically connected and operated will be understood by reference to Fig. 7, which is a theoretical diagram, showing the various parts heretofore described in relation to each other, and with their proper electrical connections.

In Fig. 7, Q represents a voltaic battery of any suitable construction, the positive and negative poles of said battery being distinguished-in the drawing by the signs and l is a key or circuit-breaker, which may be of any suitable construction. The battery Q, and key P it is to be understood are situated at the transmittin g-station. By means of the circuitbreaker a series of successive pulsations may be transmitted through the conductingwires and the electro-magnets of the receiving apparatus. Starting from the positive pole of the battery Q, the circuit may be tracedto the anvil '1 of the key 10; thence through the electromagnet' R B, for purposes which will be hereinafter explained, to the point 2, and thence to the point 3. From the point 3 to the point 4 two routes are open to the current-one through the helices of the electro-magnet D, and the other through the screw h and flat spring t. The latter route being much the shortest, and offering little or no resistance to the passage of the current, the electro-magnet D will not be perceptibly affected 'by the passage of the current as long as the branch cireuit through h and t remains uninterrupted.

Fromthe point 4. the current passes through the helices of the electro-magnet C to the point 5, and thence, by 6 and 7, to the other pole of the battery Q. When the v lever E is drawn down by the action of the electro-magnet 0, an insulated pin, a, Fig. 7, strikes the spring t just before the movement of the former is arrested, and breaks the electrical contact between it and the screw it. The entire current is therefore momentarily thrown through the helices of the elect-ro-ma'gnet D at each vibration of the lever E 3 but when these vibrations are performed with considerable rapidity, the electro-magnet D is not kept in circuitlong enough to become completely magnetized. When the circuit remains closed for a longer time, the electro-magnet D becomes fully magnetized and attracts. its armature d, thereby raising the lever L and bringing the strip of paper j j against the type upon the type-wheel H.

It will therefore be understoodfrom the above explanation that the impression of any given character upon the type-wheel H may be'produced upon the paper j j by an operator stationed at a-dista-nt point, as, for example, at P, (see Fi 7,) simply by transmitting the proper number of electrical impulses of 'short duration by means of a properly-constructed circuit-breaker, which will cause the typewheel'H to revolvewithout sensibly afl'ecting the impression device. W'hen the desired character is brought opposite the impression lever'L the duration of the final current is prolonged, and'the electro-magnet D becomes fully magnetized, and therefore an impression of the letter .or character upon the paper is produced, in the manner hercinbetore described. f 1

When a number of automatic printing-telegraph instruments is situated at different points, and operated simultaneously in one circuit, it is desirable that some suitablemeans may be provided whereby the transmitting-operator may be'en'abled to bring the type-wheels of the several receiving -or recording instruments into correspondence at pleasure.

This is effected by the following device: Upon the sleeve j, which carries the type wheel H and ratchet-wheel G, is secured a collar, 1), Figs. 2, 5,-and 7. This collar is composed of some suitable insulating material. We will here observe that in all the figures the ,non-condu ctin g material employed to insulate one port-ion of the apparatus from another is representedin deep black color. A metallic spring, 1 fixed upon an insulating support, Figs. 5 and. 7, presses against this collar as it revolves. A metallic pin or stud, w, is inserted into the sleeve f, passing through the insulating collar, as shown in Figs. 5 and 7, in such a manneras to form an electrical connection between the sleeve f and the spring 2'- whenever the pin or stud w is brought in contact with said spring by the revolution of the sleeve f. This arrangement is clearly shown in Figs. 5 and 7. By reference to Fig. 7, in which the electrical connections are shown in dotted lines, it will be understood that this connection forms a short circuit between the point 2 and the point 5, cutting off nearly all the electric current from the electro-magnets C and D, and thereby arresting their action. This short circuit may be brought'iuto action at the pleasure of the transmitting operator, by means of the device we will now describe. It It, Figs. 2 and 7 designate the helices of ,a small electro-magnct whose poles are shown at T. and T, the opposite ends of the cores bein g screwed intothe soft-iron bar T. A permanently-magnetized steelbar, n s, is pivoted to the bar T aty, its opposite extremity being free to vibrate. between the screws zand 2. In consequence of a well-known law of magnetic action, when a current from the battery Q passes through the helices of the electromagnet R R in one direction, the south end 8 of the magnetiebar n s-will be attracted by T and repelled by T, while a current in the opposite direct-ion will produce the reverse etl'ect. One pole of the polarized bar 22 8, being in magnetic contact with the mass of soft iron formed by the barT and its attachments, its magnetism cannot be weakened or reversed, as is often the case with magnetized armatures, which are not .in magnetic contact with the soft iron of the electro-magnet. From this explanation, and by reference to Fig. 7, it will be readily understood that the transmitting operator, by employing theeireuit-hreaker 1 instead of l, causend a series of electrical pulsations through the circuit in the opposite direct-ion, which will cause the south end 8 of the bar a s to be deflected toward '1", so as to come in contact with the stop 2. As it is a matter of indifierence in which direction the current passes through the electro-magnct G, in order to operate it, the type-wheel of each instrument will continue to revolve by its action, as usual, until the pin or stud '20 comes in contact with the spring 1', when a short circuit will be formed from 2, Fig. 7, through '12, s, and z, to the metallic frame of the instrument, and thence through sleeve f, pin or stud w, and spring i to the point 5, and thence by the usual route. The principal part of the current will take the'shorter route just described, and the action of "theelectro-magnet O, and consequently the movement of the typewvheel H, will be arrested. Each instrument in the circuit will therefore stop automatically at the same point in the revolution of the type-wheel H and sleevef. When this has been accomplished the electric current is again reversed, and the operation of the apparatus proceeds as usual.

When the instrument hereinbefore described is intended to be used for reporting quotations ofmarkets, &c.,'wherein he amounts to be represented fluctuate by eighths of one per cent. three duplicate figures or characters are placed upon the periphery of the type-wheel H in such a position as to impress themselve upon the strip of paper lower than the line 0 the other figures or characters upon the wheel,

which may be used, in combination with the ordinary numerals, to indicate fractional quantities. The arrangement of these characters upon the type-wheel is shown in Fig. 1, and the manner in which their impressions upon the paper are combined with those of the numerals to represent fractional quantities is shown in Fig. (3.

By means of this device, the total number of characters upon the type-wheel may be considerably reduced and the speed of transmission correspondently augmented.

It is obvious that letters as well as other characters may be placed upon the type-wheel, in a (Tfi'erent circumferential plane, in the same manner as the figures just referred to, and in such cases the letters, figures, or characters inthe one,circumtere1-1tial plane would be oppositeblailk spaces in the other circumferential plane, and hence no two letters, figures, or characters would be in the same axial plane.

This arrangement of letters, figures, or characters upon the type-wheel of a printing-telegraph we believe to be new.

WVe do not claim, distinctively, the placing of an electro-magnet for operating the typewheel of a printing-telegraph instrument in the same-circuit with the electro-magnet that actuates the printing mechanism; nor do we claim, in general, the use of a device for bringing the transmitting and receiving apparatus into unison from the transmitting-station, as this is shown in the patent granted to Charles Kirchof,

April 15, 1856, and also in the patent granted to S. S. Laws, January 25, 1870.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by'Letters Patent, is-

1. In a printing-telegra-ph instrument, the arrangement of two electro-ma-gnets in the same electrical circuit, one being employed to rotate the type-wheel and the other to actuate the printing mechanism, when the action of the latter is controlled by that of the former, by means of a branch or short circuit and a mechanical cut-01f or its equivalent, constructed and operated substantially as described.

2. An improved cut-oft, which we term an electrical unison cut-off, whereby, at a given point in the revolution of a ratchet or type wheel, a shunt or branch circuit may be brought into action, andthe electrical current diverted from the electro-magnet controlling the movement of the said ratchet or type wheel, so that the said movement may be arrested at such given point, the same being constructed and operated substantially as specified.

3. The electro-magnet R R and soft-iron bar ranged and operated substantially as described.

6. The combination of the pawl F, stop S, and ratchet-wheel G, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

7. The electro-magnets R R, soft-iron bar T, and polarized-steel bar n s, in combination with the spring 1', insulated collar r, and pin or stud w,'in thc manner described, and for I the purpose specified.

S. The combination, with an electro-magnet, in a telegraphic printing apparatus, of a typewheel whose periphery is provided with integral numbers so arranged upon said typewheel that fractions of numbers may be printed upon the paper, thereby decreasing the number of characters upon the type-wheel, and insuring great rapidity in recording, substantially as herein shown and described.

9. In a printing-telegraph, a type-wheel provided with letters, figures, or characters, which are arranged in two different lines drawn around the periphery of said wheel, and in such manner that the said letters, figures, or characters in the one line shall be opposite blank spaces in the other line, substantiallyas herein specified.

FRANK L. POPE. THOMAS A. EDISON.

Witnesses:

M. M. LrvINes'roN, T. B. BEECHER. 

